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DNA damage lab.

Expose the DNA to different conditions. Add protection. Watch which damage forms and which protection helps.

GitHub sourcenpm package

Drag the molecule to bend and stretch it. Select a factor to see its molecular mechanism.

Select a base pair

Arrows select a base pair. Space applies the tool. In Grab, Space holds or releases the DNA, and arrows pull it. Enter pauses. G selects Grab. E selects Expose. R selects Repair.
Radiation
0.75 particles/sUV can form a bond between nearby T or C bases on the same strand.
OffIonizing radiation can damage bases and break the DNA backbone.
Heat
Low · 0.12Heat increases motion and opens base pairs. An open pair is not a backbone break.
Electric field
OffThe field points left or right. Negatively charged DNA moves in the opposite direction.
Chemistry
0.60 particles/sReactive oxygen species can oxidize guanine bases.
Protection
Low · 0.10Antioxidants can neutralize reactive particles before they damage DNA.
OffThe filter reduces the UV exposure that reaches the DNA.
OffShielding reduces the X-ray exposure that reaches the DNA.
OffRepair light supports photolyase, an enzyme that can reverse UV dimers.
Cell context

Illustrative repair with photolyase under repair light.

Dimer linkStrand breakOxidized baseReactive oxygenRadiation

Readouts

Active lesions
...
UV dimers
...
Single breaks
...
Double breaks
...
Oxidized bases
...
Open pairs
...
Repaired
...
Radicals stopped
...

Inside the molecule

UV light

Slow-motion mechanism sketch

UV: an excited electron can start a new bond

Ultraviolet (UV) light can excite electrons in neighboring C or T bases. Some excited pairs form abnormal covalent bonds on the same strand.

  1. 1UV absorbed
  2. 2Electron excitation
  3. 3Neighboring bases join

Particle rates count simulated emissions. Other strengths use a 0–1 model scale. Real doses and health risk are outside the model.

Open the detailed DNA explorer

Use this component

The package includes a TypeScript core and a React component. The component runs in the browser.

npm install @esmirnov.ai/dna-mutation-explorer@0.4.4

Read the installation guide